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The Dream of Elixir Vitae
One specific case is the brain, the source of our consciousness.
Again, the primary strategy should be to foster regeneration.
It appears dangerous to use viruses and bacteria as vectors for
gene therapy in the brain, so again stem cells hold the greatest
promise. Non-invasive methods to express exogenous genes in
the brain already exist and may serve to express specific critical
genes. [38]
In addition, several species such as reptiles, lobsters and
birds feature advanced regenerative capacities and appear not
to age. Deriving information from these species to engineer
how to rebuild the human genome to avoid aging is also
within our reach. [39] In another example, work is being con-
ducted to attempt to implement the advanced regenerative
capacity of amphibians to mammals. [40] Synthetic biology
and information systems will be the glue that binds all these
fields together and allow us to design, regulate, and apply the
Elixir.
CONCLUSION
Elixir Vitae needs not be anything besides present technolo-
gies combined with some engineering feats. Importantly, the
theoretical basis for these technologies already exists. What
remains is the engineering problem of making them work
according to our needs. Namely, we must (1) develop thera-
pies based on stem cells for tissue regeneration; (2) implement
synthetic biology to control stem cells; (3) test and develop
the safety and accuracy of RNAi, gene therapy, and molecular
therapies; (4) learn more about regeneration and the signals
involved in each type of tissue; (5) apply whole genome engi-
neering to aging. Lastly, we need to know, of course, where
to act. That is, what causes aging in humans, what makes us